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I'd greatly appreciate some feedback on the following 2 issues: • I am looking for PC-based statistical analysis software that I can use to examine 30 years of continuous 5-minute (or other) interval rainfall data. In addition to various return-period analyses, the software would ideally also: - provide reporting in the form of daily/monthly/yearly summary tables of maximum depths and intensities, hyetographs; - perform IDF analysis and plotting of events against user-supplied IDF curves; - accept input from various data logger file formats. (?) (I don't want to get too carried away at this point) I hope to find a tool specific to rainfall analysis, and one of the more generic packages like SPSS, Systat, or the like. I have considered the SWMM STATS block for the above analysis. Its analyses and output are suitable, but its use is precluded due to the limitations of 5000 precipitation values per year and 5000 total storm events in both the OSU and EPA SWMM's (or 3000 each for XPSWMM). There is also a problem in building a rain interface file of that magnitude - even if the data set is broken up and appended (limit of 10 'stations' or appended segments per interface file). Switching to 30-minute intervals works, but I lose too much resolution when working with small (highly urbanised) catchment areas with small Tc's.
So, w.r.t 'Continuous' Modelling: • It seems that there aren't too many places that true, long-term, year-round continuous simulations have been done in North America. Here in Vancouver (British Columbia, Canada) it seldom snows, so a year-round simulation is possible without having to deal with precip. So does a phrase like 'a 40 year continuous simulation' really mean 40 discrete simulations, each somewhat less than a year? Where else are year-round continuous simulations being done? How do others deal with the above limitations of SWMM under these circumstances? Thanks for help you can offer! Please send responses to me directly unless you feel the group can benefit.
We have a package called CASCADE developed by my grad students. CASCADE1 (Mike Gregory) imports and exports rainfall timeseries into ANNIE (a USEPA hydro time series manager) and SWMM. CASCADE2 (Yiwen Wang) also does HECDSS (a USArmy hydro time series manager). ANNIE seems to prefer hourly data, HECDSS handles 15 minutely. Note that most datasets of observed rain come broken into shorter annual records anyway. We have published comparative performance times and memory requirements for CASCADE1 ('Advances in Modelling the Management of Stormwater Impacts' 1996 has a 40 page article). CASCADE2 is now on the point of being tested by an external panel.
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Both CASCADES generate SWMM input data automatically. Rob James (CHI) is also rewriting RAINPAK under contract. The original version (former grad students Ron Scheckenberger and Pete Nimmrichter) is out of date. The new code handles arbitrary timesteps, and visually selects timeseries from very large datasets.
Which software shall i use to analyze daily rainfall data? (or for a free program: R). The best freely available software for time series analysis. The RainLog 2.0 data logger is our next generation Rainfall logger and features numerous. Software (Free). RL-Loader is used to configure and download data from. Download: About NWS Precip Analysis: Other Useful. The precipitation data are quality. Precipitation estimates obtained from National Weather Service.
Stormcell speeds and directions are being calculated from autocorrelograms. This product is subject to external contractual agreements. There seems to be little interest in running continuous urban stormwater simulations for long periods of warm/cold climate hydrology, probably because of poor snowpack data.
(Is this true?) On the other hand we have run longterm simulations ca 50 years by replacing the winter period by one heavy rainfall (here at the end of March) to ensure saturation of soil moisture and excluding that artificial start-up event from the STATS analysis. These studies have been written up in several places. Earlier grad students who worked on this include Mark Robinson, Mark Stirrup, Alex Eunall, & Zvi Stifter. PCSWMM is now configured to routinely handle 75 year datasets and longer, editing and displaying more than 100,000 computed points (actually we have not yet found the limit).
You are correct: we therefore run SWMM as 50 one-year runs to generate a 50 year output. Attendance And Leave Management software, free download. This has the incredible advantage that we actually replicate the changing catchent conditions as we go (the landscape becomes increasingly impervious etc.) I hope this helps? - Bill James. As you said, you can use SWMM STATS block to do the analysis. According to my experience, the limitation of 5000 precipitation values per year is not true, it is mentioned in the user's manual, but i have tried to use RAIN and STATS blocks to do the statistics analysis using 8000 precipitation values per year, it worked fine. I'm not sure other limitations.
I'm working on developing a time-series data manager for continuous stormwater modelling, it's the topic of my Master thesis. Simply to say, my research is to link SWMM with a time-series data management system (HECDSS). By means of a graphical user-interface, this tool manipulates and transfers of long-term time-series data efficiently. There are three utilities in it, retrieve data, archive data, and data statistics analysis.
Both RAIN and STATS in SWMM are using in my program. At present, this tool can manage and analyze hourly and 15-min rainfall data, i have tested it using a 70 years data, it works fine. Compared to conventional efforts, it takes minutes not days to collect, store, and manage long-term time-series data. Now i'm inviting experts to test my code, if you are interested in it, you can contact Dr.James or me. 40 year continuous simulation doesn't mean 40 discrete simulation, it should include both dry and wet weather during the 40 years.
Jeff is the expert here, but we have found that various versions of SWMM compiled with various compilers have different limits. XPSWMM has (mostly) solved the problem by using a dynamic memory allocation type of compiler. But the STATS and/or RAIN blocks aren't working in that mode yet! Sounds great.
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Are you planning to add more advanced time series statistics (in addtion to the simple ranking scheme that STATS uses?) Have you checked out commerical products such as SHAPES and NEWLEAF? That has been our problem. That's lots of data, and when you have 365 day rain years (ie. Vancouver), the software has choked on long term datasets. Jpeg Photo Converter software, free download.
Several people have asked me to post to this (and other) groups a summary of the results of my search. I'll gladly do that in a week or so. In the mean time. I have followed up on RAINPAK with Rob, and I'll look further into the two CASCADE packages. I see your point about being able to alter the pervious cover,etc. With the individual runs for the sake of calibration. For cases, however, where we want the modelled development conditions to remain static (for an analysis of, say, return period flows given present or undeveloped conditions), a single huge run is preferred.
We have been using continuous modelling for analyses and designs in western Canada for several years. Both SWMM and QUALHYMO have been utilized and calibrated. Although we have been most concerned with larger runoff events (not individual 24 hour storms) we have also included the base flows and recession in the calibration process. The low flows are needed for sorting out water quality BMP's and their operations.
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The snow melt is the one process which is the most difficult to model but we have acknowledged that and make allowances. So far we have seen that snow has been a minor contributor to runoff and can be left out of the assessments when flow and retention volumes are of most interest. For our work in Vancouver the snow melts almowt as fast as it falls and here we have used rain equivalents for precip. One surprising finding we keep seeing is that multiple day storm events, particularly if they are back to back are far more critical in sizing retention and assessing downstream flows than any single design storm. If you would like more info, we are preparing a couple of papers for the CSCE conference in May or you can call me at Reid Crowther in Calgary at 403-254-3374.